(i) Heat and Thermodynamics:
> Principle of temperature measurements: platinum resistance thermometer, thermo-electric thermometer, pyrometer;
> Kinetic theory of gases: Maxwell's distribution of molecular speeds, mean free path, equipartition of energy, Brownian motion, Van der Waal's equation of state, review of the First Law of thermodynamics and its application, reversible and irreversible processes, Second Law of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle;
> Efficiency of heat engines, Carnot's Theorem, entropy and disorder, thermodynamic functions, Maxwell relations, Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, Gibbs Phase Rule, Third Law of thermodynamics.
(ii) Structure of Matter:
> Crystalline and non-crystalline solids, single crystal and polycrystal solids, unit cell, crystal systems, co-ordinations number, crystal planes and directions, sodium chloride, and CsCl structure, packing factor, Miller indices, the relation between interplanar spacing and Miller indices, Bragg's Law, methods of determination of interplanar spacing from diffraction patterns;
> Defects in solids: point defects, line defects;
> Bonds in solids, inter-atomic distances, calculation of cohesive and bonding energy;
> Introduction to band theory: the distinction between metal, semiconductor, and insulator.
(iii) Waves and Oscillations:
> Differential equation of a simple harmonic oscillator, total energy and average energy, combination of simple harmonic oscillations, Lissajous' figures, spring-mass system, calculation of time period of the torsional pendulum, damped oscillation, determination of damping co-efficient, forced oscillation, resonance, two-body oscillations, Reduced mass, differential equation of a progressive wave, power and intensity of wave motion, stationary wave, group velocity and phase velocity, architectural acoustics, reverberation, and Sabine's formula.
(iv) Physical Optics:
> Theories of light;
> Interference of light, Young's double slit experiment;
> Displacements of fringes and their uses;
> Fresnel Bi-prism, interference at wedge-shaped films, Newton's rings, interferometers;
> Diffraction of light: Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, diffraction by the single slit, diffraction from a circular aperture, resolving power of optical instruments, diffraction at double slit & N-slits-diffraction grating;
> Polarization: production and analysis of polarized light, Brewster's law, Malus law, Polarization by double refraction, retardation plates, Nicol prism, optical activity, polarimeters, polaroid.
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